change slightly the
N
N
e
e
w
w
t
t
o
o
n
n function so that its calling syntax
becomes:
“[MinPoints] =
N
N
e
e
w
w
t
t
o
o
n
n
P
P
o
o
r
r
t
t(fun, x, r, V, R)”
with r to be the column vector of the assets’ expected returns, V the
assets’ variance-covariance matrix and R the desire expected return.
Similar changes in order to pass the additional arguments should be
done also to NumerDers.m (the new should be named as:
N
N
u
u
m
m
e
e
r
r
D
D
e
e
r
r
s
s
P
P
o
o
r
r
t
t) and NumerHessian.m (the new should be named as:
N
N
u
u
m
m
e
e
r
r
H
H
e
e
s
s
s
s
i
i
a
a
n
n
P
P
o
o
r
r
t
t). Because the portfolio optimization problem is
actually the minimization of a quadratic function, the Newton descent
algorithm can find its solution with a single iteration. So, alleviate
also the rule of thumb according to which the elements of the Hessian
matrix except the ones of the main diagonal are set to zero. Use the
origin (0, 0, 0) as an initial point.
• Add a risk free asset with expected return 1%, find and plot the
efficient frontier. Create a new m-file with the name:
portFunRiskFree.m that includes the new expression of f after the
inclusion of risk-free rate (hint: find which components are zero-
valued and ignore them). Create a third figure that combines the two
previous ones. If you are familiar with investment theory, you can
view various interesting components (e.g. two fund separation
theorem, capital market line, etc).
Commentaires sur ces manuels